The Cultural Mind #4, February 2023 |
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A periodic newsletter devoted to bridging the gap between social science and mythology on corporate culture, leadership, and change. 5-7 minute read, with links to interesting stuff. (above: stonework detail from the Alhambra, Cordoba, Spain) |
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In this issue: The Saga Continues: Adaptive Leadership at Southwest Selling Snake Oil: Management Consulting's Ongoing Need to Sell Expediency Over Efficacy, and Why We Collude The Big Blind Spot: Reducing and Quantifying What Might Not Be Reducible and Quantifiable |
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photo credit: Daily Mail Online From the Department of They Said it Better: Adaptive Leadership at Southwest On December 31st, 2022, The Southwest Airlines Pilots Association published an open letter to management blaming senior leadership for the travel meltdown over the holidays that left thousands stranded (see last month’s Cultural Mind). The letter denounced the airline's leadership as a "cult" that spent the past 15 years destroying the company's legacy and lay the blame squarely on the outgoing CEO, Gary Kelley and his leadership team’s fixation on maximizing shareholder value over operations or customers: “Gary Kelly still reigns supreme on the board of this Company despite having overseen the decisions and setting the conditions that made this most recent fiasco possible…This is not a Southwest Airlines problem. This is not an employees of Southwest Airlines problem. This is not an unprecedented weather problem. This is a Gary Kelly problem." (Capt. Tom Nekouei, union vice president) We could attribute the letter to a clever publicity stunt on the part of a union in the midst of an ongoing contract negation with management. On the other hand, imagine if middle managers in non-unionized industries routinely did this kind of thing when confronted with self-interested, arrogant, venal, short-sighted or simply ill-informed decision making by senior leadership? What if we didn’t need the prophylactic of a strong union to question authority, especially in times of change (which, um, isn't it always like that)? Going Beyond One's Authority This brings to mind the work of Ron Heifetz and Marty Linksy and their book, Leadership on the Line in which they introduce the concept of adaptive leadership. One of the central abilities of adaptive leaders is that in times of complex and transformational change they are able to productively challenge the status quo. As they state: “The challenges of the 21st century need not a single savior, but everyday leadership from people mobilizing collective creativity on tough problems within their reach from wherever they live.” (p. xiii) Going beyond one’s “authority” (assumed or actual) from wherever one happens to sit is key because the big challenges of our times -- climate change, global pandemics, AI, digital transformation, economic uncertainty, social injustice, and on -- require it. And it's not easy. As Heifetz and Linsky say, people often don’t get hired or promoted to disturb other people. The Southwest pilots are shining example of adaptive leadership, union or no union. |
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photo credit: DailyKos From the Debunking Department: Selling Snake Oil Management consulting's ongoing need to sell expediency over efficacy, and why we collude. No wonder so much real organizational change goes nowhere. Management consultants like snake oil peddlers. No offense – I’m a consultant; guilty by association, if not insider knowledge. Clark Stanley, the so-called Rattlesnake King, was the original producer of Snake Oil Liniment. It was tested by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1916 and found to contain mineral oil, tallow, chili pepper capsaicin, turpentine, and camphor, but nary a reptilian drop. Not surprisingly, it was deemed “drastically overpriced” and of “limited value”. How often do we hear the same about management consultants? Alignment. Accountability. Transparency. Collaboration. Teamwork. Resiliency. Like peddlers selling Snake Oil, many management consultants profess answers for these chronic corporate ailments. Whether it’s McKinsey, Korn Ferry, Joe's Consulting LLC or everyone else in the people and organizational change, leadership, culture, performance or effectiveness game, when they profess to have The Solution, buyer beware. Paint-by-Numbers "Solutions" You can always spot consulting snake oil because the offering contains the following elements: A proprietary model or framework that promises to unlock the secrets of human performance, usually branded by some clever alliteration such as ‘People, Process and Tools’, or ‘Why, How, What’, etc. A “program” (it’s always a “program”) of activities based on the model that if followed to the letter will produce the desired change The program works in all cases regardless of the nature or root cause of the issue. Any diagnostic performed is perfunctory because the program is tried and true, a product of the immutable laws of nature (“statistically proven”), deployed in hundreds of other organizations just like yours, or based on compelling “social science” (if you ever hear a consultant tell you about their “social science”, ask them for a literature review of their references). It’s the classic hammer looking for a nail. 2. The program has multiple phases – usually more than 3 but less than 12 – that lay out what’s involved in attaining nirvana through easy to follow, cleverly branded, and eminently digestible steps. These are usually a series of workshops where the consultant gets to sell their model. Each step is presented with its own catchy, alliterative label, such as The Insight Incubator or the Alignment Activator or the Connection Workshop. The prevailing underlying message is 'it’s easy’ or, ‘if you follow these steps everything will work out’. 3. A timeline that spells out when success will be achieved, usually in weeks (more complex issues might take a few months) 4. A glossy brochure laying out the above in short, punchy paragraphs, eye-pleasing flow-charts, and nice pictures that make it seem as if the program is a holiday in Cancun. If a few quotes from past happy souls are sprinkled in, all the better. 5. An accompanying workbook to dutifully record whatever insights or conclusions participants might arrive at through each step. The workbook spells out the experience to be recorded, and contains subtle but clear messages about the desired or expected answer (“What insights did you have this week?” “After taking this workshop I will…”) 6. An audience segmentation strategy that branches and brackets the experience for the C-suite from the rest or the company. God forbid the senior group experiences anything as involved or time-consuming as the rest of the organization! The top of the house, of course, is wiser and more emancipated and just doesn’t require the same level of hand-holding as the masses. In any event they just doesn’t have the time. It’s “the organization” that needs the help, not us. 7. All of this is packaged in a proposal that convincingly spells out the ROI of the program (no money back guarantees, however). No matter how complex or intractable the problem, no matter how long its historicity or ecological or technological embeddedness, no matter the nature of prevailing assumptions among senior leadership, the program is always the solution.
This is what I call paint-by-numbers organizational development and change. It is rooted in mid-20th century behavioral science where the dependent variable is how people behave, versus how they think or feel, or the underlying emotional or psychological reasons that might give rise to what they think or feel to begin with. Many of these approaches no doubt are well intended. The problem is they are facile traffic in the illusion of predictability eschew diagnosis for action based on an expert model that fosters dependency on the consultant and their program
Read the rest of this article here. |
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Then again, what management consultant wants to advertise that in order to achieve your desired organizational goals you will be anxious, uncomfortable, challenged, exposed, vulnerable, seen not as all-knowing, forced to learn things about yourself, forced to give and receive hard feedback, forced to become less self-absorbed and more curious, and forced to reckon with the possibility that some of your dearest assumptions and beliefs may be in need rethinking? |
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Source: UCLA Organic Chemistry From the Department of Epistemology: The Big Blind Spot Reducing and Quantifying What Might Not Be Reducible and Quantifiable Who would you rather listen to on the topic of culture: a name brand consulting firm, or an anthropologist? The former get paid lavishly by boards and CEOs and have a vested interest in ensuring what they promulgate remain in the C-Suite and boardroom intact and uncontested. Their main source of authority is arrived at by polling the opinion of other senior executives, and they traffic in anxiety: others are thinking and doing this thing, so you better do it too. The latter have made culture the sole focus of their intellectual agenda for over 120 years, but tend to focus on societies other than their own and look at corporate culture with skepticism. They suspect it might be the invention of capitalists and their supplicants looking to wrest another penny of competitive advantage by overlaying a positivist veneer on epiphenomenal experience while suppressing the interests of workers as human “resources”. Who's advice would you follow? As you ponder this question, consider this: positivist organizational science has not kept up with postmodern and quantum notions of knowledge and social “reality” and rationality as co-constructed and observer-dependent. It eschews a reflexive epistemology in favor of the 20th century illusion that there is one singular truth "out there" to be known, quantified and leveraged for competitive advantage. Yet, all of that makes complete sense if we think for a moment on the dominant U.S.-centric cultural model of business: that decision making is rational and free of bias; that leaders are the sole and selfless determinants of the fates of their companies; that “winning” always equates to monetary success; that there is always a right and wrong answer in any strategic choice; that humans in social systems behave according to fixed laws, generally those of economics or physics; that those laws can be harnessed for monetary gain, and doing so is always for the good of all no matter how it comes about
All of these assumptions are contested in postmodern and reflexive organizational ontologies and epistemologies, yet under this model it’s not hard to consider the workings of culture and people in organizations through these same heuristics. This is the fundamental blind spot of management science, a field itself borne out of economics and industrial-organization psychology: that people and cultures are fixed entities that can be typed, quantified and reduced to dependent variables and harnessed for monetary gain. This, probably more than anything, explains why most M&A as well as culture and business transformations continue to flail and under-deliver on intended outcomes despite 50 years of effort, thousands of books, hundreds of tenured academic careers, and a multi-billion dollar management consulting industry. |
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"Objectivity is a relative term because what is objectively perceived is by definition to some extent subjectively conceived of." - D.W. Winnicott |
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Home | Culture LogicsGet the Culture You Want. It's the 21st century. Shouldn't the way you approach organizational culture and change reflect that? You know culture matters. So why... ...is your organizational transformation not happening according to plan? ...are your employees not embracing your corporate values? ...do you reorganize but still get the same business results? |
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